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Sunday, March 1, 2015
Dubai wasn't alone in her bid to win expo 2020 but there are
numerous of countries and politicians who announced their support to Dubai.
This support came out from the deep long friendly relations with other
states. In some way or another expo will
benefit them.
 |
| UAE president His Highness Sheikh Khalifa Bin Zayed Al Nahyan & british prime minister David Cameron April 2013. |
One country that announced her support was Briton. Its announcement
follows on a state visit by UAE president His Highness Sheikh Khalifa Bin Zayed
Al Nahyan to UK in April 2013. British Prime Minister David Cameron voiced his
support he said “I believe they should choose Dubai “ .he reasoned his opinion
that Dubai massively changed and developed in the past 50 years to something great.it is a multy national
place, also a second home for more than 100 thousand British. Also Dubai will
remind the world that the Middle East is a region with potential and dynamism,
a source of innovation for generations past, present and future. He also said
that Dubai is a great business capital and it connects the east with the west
.for that there is no better place for EXPO 2020 than Dubai.
British Foreign Secretary William Hague announced that the United
Kingdom will support Dubai to give Dubai the chance to share its achievements
to the world. Dubai does not rest on its laurels, but continues to set itself
bold targets to be the best and to achieve this in collaboration with its
diverse community. Dubai will prove and remind the world that the Middle East is
a region of dynamism, innovation and human potential not conflict &
insecurity.
Boris mayor of London , also backed Dubai’s bid to host EXPO .he
said “We’re very keen to offer
whatever advice we can about Dubai’s expo 2020 bid and we’re supportive of
that,”. He refrained from saying he would lobby the 161 member countries who
will vote to choose who hosts the 2020 Expo, and tell them to support the UAE.
Former US president Bill Clinton
also recently backed Dubai’s bit. He said
that Dubai is an inspiration for the region. He added that Dubai’s model of shared prosperity is
more important today than ever.
Mohammad Meer Abdullah Al Rafesi,
UAE Ambassador to France, said in a diplomatic reception “Yes, we have been
assured of France’s support for the Expo 2020 bid. “Also later French President
Francois Hollander commended Dubai’s bid to host the Expo following an official
meeting with Sheikh Mohammed in Paris.
.
 |
| Notification of Canada's support was conveyed in a meeting between Arif Lalani, Canada's Ambassador to the UAE, and Reem Al Hashimy, UAE Minister of State and Managing Director of the Higher Committee for Hosting the World Expo 2020. |
Italy supported Dubai in a letter
sent by Prime Minister Enrico Letta expressed his country’s support in his
letter to His Highness Shaikh Mohammad Bin Rashid Al Maktoum delivered on the
opening day of the Dubai Airshow 2013. Italian Ambassador to the UAE said this
expression of support is significant internationally because Milan is hosting
the World Expo in 2015, five years before the winning candidate city hosts the
next Expo. He said “We think that if Dubai will prevail, there are
possibilities of cooperation between Milan Expo and Dubai Expo in terms of
transfer of experience and services,” Italy belied that Dubai deserve winning
because it’s globalized and connected to the world. Also because the UAE is the
1st export market in Italy in the Arab world. Another reason for
their decision is Dubai’s cosmopolitan nature.
Also Netherlands supported Dubai in
an official announcement during meeting between the Netherlands Minister of
Foreign Affairs, Frans Timmermans and His Highness Shaikh Abdullah bin Zayed Al
Nahyan in Dubai. He said that Netherlands is extremely impressed with the
efforts the UAE has invested in their bid for Expo 2020. The plans and strategy
the UAE has put in place are remarkable.
Not only countries and politicians supported Dubai expo, but also
one of the biggest multinational organizations. The founder of Microsoft bill
gates said that Dubai is a great location to host expo. Dubai a destination for
people from all over the world. That’s why Dubai will be a great place to host
expo 2020.
References:
The role of political negotiation between two
countries is significant in ensuring there is harmony and fairness which are
considered essential within literal negotiation. Within the context of case
study it will explore the political negotiation between Afghanistan and
Pakistan and get an insight into the value of political negotiation and how
both the mentioned countries have been able to maintain political negotiation.
Prior to examining the political negotiation
between Afghanistan and Pakistan, it is important to have a fair background of
what political negotiations are all about and why hold such significance.
In regards to the political context, it can be
observed on a national and local level, the role of negotiation can be a very
harsh career-changing matter. It should be pointed out how some kinds of
negotiation takes a synergetic, collaborative and friendly approach; along with
numerous exchanged which are established on political and personal gains. With
regards to political negotiation it considerably makes majority use of social
power. It can further be added negotiations are elemental to the texture of
everyday political life and their effects furrow outwards into the future. Let
us take into consideration a common outline and plot within the political field
that takes place where an individual has some legislation which they want an
approval for. In order to ensure this is approved, they will be initially
required to gain a majority of their own party to support the proposed idea
(Political Negotiation, n.d)
Pierce (2011) points out how it is imperative
to comprehend the direction a negotiation is most likely to result in, this
comes down to knowing each side’s initial position. Majority of the successful
negotiations will result close to halfway between each side’s initial positions.
When examining the case study of political
negotiations between Afghanistan and Pakistan, one can observe they share a
troubled and unstable relationship, this goes back to the 9/11 attacks in the
U.S which drilled deep issues of Taliban, Al Qaeda and home-grown terrorism in
Afghanistan and Pakistan. Back in the
1990s, the capital of Pakistan, Islamabad offered its strong support to the
Quetta Shura Taliban since it was first founded. This support continued till
the 9/11 took place. As per the findings, it pointed out that elements within
the Pakistani security apparatus continued to consider the Taliban as a
strategic asset for Pakistan’s regional policies. Once the 9/11 took place,
this policy was altered by Pakistan; instead Pakistan chose to join hands with
the US on its so called ‘War on Terror’. Practically speaking, the fact
Pakistan exercised its switch in ally support to fighting against the war on
terrorism, this kind of participation faced heavy backlash and was put on the
spot by Afghanistan, allies and the U.S. It was during the Musharraf regime
when Pakistan instructed its military and the ISI (secret intelligence
authority in Pakistan) to work hard towards destabilizing Afghanistan and
extend its support towards the insurgency. Whilst the relationship may have
seemed to improve since Musharraf left the Pakistani government in 2008,
however as per the last Pakistani President, i.e. Asif Ali Zardari, there were
rogue traces within the ISI and the Pakistani military that may have actively
supporting the Taliban on the Afghanistan and Pakistan side of the border
(Pakistan and Afghanistan, n.d)
In an article titled “Negotiating with the
Taliban: Reconciliation in Afghanistan and Pakistan?” it examines the potential
for political negotiations to possibly resolve the weaponry dispute taking
place on the Durand Line that segregates Afghanistan and Pakistan. It should be
observed June 2009 has been marked as one of the bloodiest and violent month
for a country such as Afghanistan post 2001 (9/11). This was followed by
coalition forces launched in July with an enormous scaled counter-insurgency
campaign in the buoyant Helmand Province. Unfortunately, the Pakistani
government failed to come up with effective and implement purposeful and valid
agreements with insurgent groups in the disenfranchised tribal areas. It was
therefore important to establish an economic opportunity and give access to
justice that would develop a promising foundation of insurgent support. There
was a dire need to address these problems and find a potential solution,
failing to which mean the military would fail to accomplish any peace
(Negotiating with the Taliban: Reconciliation in Afghanistan and Pakistan?,
2009)
Ramin & Siddiqui (2013) refer to the
troubled relationship Afghanistan and Pakistan share, their article titled
“Blood Line: Afghanistan and Pakistan’s Unspoken Border Dispute” talks about
how Afghanistan and Pakistan were in talks to sign up a strategic treat by the
year ending 2013. This was considered as a golden opportunity for both the
states to mend things between each other (in relation to the Durand Line). It
can be observed both the countries acknowledged and complied to discuss a
strategic partnership with the objective of developing a blueprint for
long-term, binding cooperation on areas of mutual concern. One can emphasize
here stability within Afghanistan and the region entirely was heavily dependent
on getting the cooperation from Pakistan. Such heavy reliance would only
plummet as NATO troops withdrew from Afghanistan in 2014. With the strategic
agreement between both the countries, along with a structure targeted at
resolving key differences and problems between the two would be considered as a
major step in enhancing and improving the level of security and stability
between the two countries; simultaneously bolstering existing treaties
Afghanistan had with other global and regional partners. Looking back at the
year 2001 when the horrific 9/11 attacks took place (fall of Taliban), this has
left a deep mark and endless strain on the diplomatic relationship between both
the countries. Whilst there have been numerous government to government talks
that did result in minor concrete and tangible outcomes; however with such a
strategic partnership, there is a ray of light that it would possibly turnout
as a workable and feasible agreement. Back in November 2012, there was
bilateral meetings organized in Pakistan which consisted of an agreement on the
significance of close and persistent cooperation between the two states. In
order to make sure the process did not end up staling as previous attempts of
negotiations did, both the states were asked to address complicated issues,
i.e. ranging from insurgency, safe havens, transit, trade, water-rights to
security which have all been left unresolved. Without the active cooperation
and participation of both the states and a clear and authentic analysis and
discourse of the primary significant points of dispute underpinning all other
issues, including the Durand Line.
Ghanzada (2013) explains how the freedom of
Mullah Baradar by Pakistan was important to ensure there was peace between
Afghanistan and Pakistan. With the Afghanistan’s insistence to the Pakistani
government asking for the freedom of Mullah Abdul Ghani Baradar, this was
considered as a positive sign moving towards the Afghan peace process. The role
of Mullah Baradar itself is considered central to expediting the Afghan peace
process; his presence was undoubtedly essential since he is a key figure in
Afghanistan. With such a step forward, his freedom was seen as a positive sign
because Mullah Baradar wanted to put an end to the on-going violence in
Afghanistan by using political negotiations as an alternative. It should be
observed the liberation of Taliban prisoners has not only been seen as a
revolutionary positive sign for improving peace talks but it has also raised
numerous eye-brows concerned with a potential war in the fields combatting
Afghan and coalition security forces that can be possibly problematic.
Peerzada (2013) highlights the likelihood of a
military triumph over the Taliban in Afghanistan has been shunned and forgotten
by all parties. However, the fact remains the efforts and attempts made by the
Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) i.e. mediation and negotiation have simply
been crippled and eroded. Interestingly, there have been numerous efforts to
resolve this matter via mediation by getting unbiased parties involved, i.e.
German, Qatar and Turkey. Unfortunately, such efforts have simply been
fruitless with no positive results. It should be pointed out the year 2014 is
seen to be a significant for Afghanistan and the US troops since it will come
down to the primary actors in the region who will be responsible for ensuring
reconciliation and negotiations are agreed upon by Afghanistan and Pakistan. Even
though there is an apparent readiness and eagerness by both the parties to find
a solution via negotiations there are numerous obstacles, i.e. issues of
distrust being one of them. It is the Americans who suspect the Taliban and
panic Taliban’s connections with Al Qaeda; such issue is causing a major
hindrance towards the potential progression of a political negotiation.
Shukri (2013) believes the release of Mullah
Baradar was an important event that witnessed the Taliban supreme commander
Mullah Mohammed Omar (top Taliban official) making it officially on the record
that majority of Taliban members are willing to negotiate peace. Sheikh &
Greenwood (2013) refer to an expert’s opinion in this research paper, as per
Khalid Rahman (Director General, Institute of Policy Studies, Islamabad,
Pakistan); he believes there is a great deal of ambiguity relating to what is
going to happen after 2014 and the quantity of foreign troops remaining in
Afghanistan. There are contradictory facts here, for instance as per some
reports, they mention nearly 20-30,000 military troops will remain the bases in
Afghanistan. On the other hand, the U.S government mentions the troops will be
exiting Afghanistan simultaneously signing a strategic partnership agreement
with Afghanistan that would make sure the presence of the US troops in the
coming 10 years. Furthermore there is a problem, the ANA is not fit in a
position to completely take over the security responsibilities and almost
nobody is aware of who will be responsible for providing monetary aid to the
ANA post 2014. It should be further added there have been numerous efforts made
to invite the Taliban to play an active role in the Afghan politics, however as
per the recent talks concluded futile as the US failed to fulfil its promises. However,
this doesn’t stop the Americans from persisting and getting them to be involved
and search for a viable solution. The participation of Iran and Pakistan are
significant since the possibility of the negotiations failing are high if
regional players are simply not included.
From the findings in this case study, it is
apparently demonstrated how there have been numerous attempts and efforts made
to resolve the Afghanistan-Pakistan conflict related to the Taliban. The UN’s
Assistance Mission in Afghanistan has played an excellent role. The fact the
Assistance Mission in Afghanistan has been instrumental in inspiring enthusiasm
to a post 2014 scenario where numerous significant issues (i.e. corruption,
abuse of authority, cruelty, injustices, etc.) are being highlighted on a local
level. The Mission is certainly deeply embedded in serving the civil society by
accomplishing an Afghan-led political transition with an important role for
civil society. Whilst a potential solution has been offered by the UN, it will
act like a mediating bridge where issues of distrust and focusing on improving
security situation will be of great significance. It can further be added, by
mediating, the UN is offering the best currently available option for political
negotiation settlement in a country such as Afghanistan. It can also be added
in order for Afghanistan and Pakistan to accomplish a peaceful resolution via
negotiated settlement, there needs to be a great deal of focus on human
security; followed by national security that would make a concrete effort to
secure the future of its citizens and people who are the direct sufferers of
such a dispute. If such guarantees related to the vulnerable are missed out or
neglected, any form of progression towards a political negotiation will simply
be an illusion. Both the governments need to be put its people at the forefront
and take into consideration how to go about securing their land and people
simultaneously; followed by knocking out their own ulterior motives
(governmental monetary interests) that would not benefit the overall civil
society directly, instead they will be carrying the burden and carnage of poor
decisions (war, conflict, etc.)
References
Blood Line: Afghanistan and Pakistan’s unspoken
border dispute (2013) Retrieved 19th December, 2013. From:< http://www.isn.ethz.ch/Digital-Library/Articles/Detail/?id=157013>
Ghanizada (2013) Freedom of mullah baradar by
Pakistan key for Afghan peace. Retrieved 20th December, 2013.
From:< http://www.khaama.com/freedom-of-mullah-baradar-by-pakistan-key-for-afghan-peace-2395>
Negotiating with the
Taliban: reconciliation in Afghanistan and Pakistan? (2009) Retrieved 18th
December, 2013. From:<http://www.usip.org/events/negotiating-the-taliban-reconciliation-in-afghanistan-and-pakistan>
Pakistan and
Afghanistan. Retrieved 22nd December, 2013. From:<http://www.understandingwar.org/pakistan-and-afghanistan>
Peerzada, H (2013) A
way out of the Afghanistan conundrum. Retrieved 20th December, 2013.
From:<http://www.opendemocracy.net/opensecurity/haifa-peerzada/way-out-of-afghanistan-conundrum>
Pierce, W (2011)Are
Political Negotiations Dead? Retrieved 3rd January, 2014. From:<http://www.huffingtonpost.com/william-pierce/are-political-negotiation_b_1110304.html>
Political negotiation.
Retrieved 3rd January, 2014. From:<http://changingminds.org/disciplines/negotiation/styles/political_negotiation.htm>
Shukri, F (2013) The Taliban and Peace Negotiations
in Afghanistan. Retrieved 21St December, 2013. From:< http://muftah.org/the-taliban-and-peace-negotiations-in-afghanistan/>
Taliban talks: past, present and prospects for the
US, Afghanistan & Pakistan (2013) Retrieved 22nd December, 2013.
From:< http://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/RP2013-06-Taliban-Talks_web.pdf>
United Nations Good
Offices Mission in Afghanistan & Pakistan. Retrieved 23rd
December, 2013. From:<http://www.un.org/en/peacekeeping/missions/past/ungomap/background.html
Sunday, October 12, 2014
اقتباسا من المثل الانجليزي الأبيات التأليه
( If you love someone, set them free. If they come back they're yours; if they don't they never were. )
شوف قلبي من فراقك فــي حداده
و الفـرح هاجر من ايـامٍ عديـده
مــا بـقـى فـيـهـا عزيـمه و لا اراده
غير صبري يا عسى ربي يزيده
مـثــل مـا قالو اذا تبغي السعــاده
اتركه و اترك مـا بين ايديـه قيده
ان رحــل و اطلق فهالدنيــا هـداده
لا اتشره غـادر الطـاير بصيده
و ان رجع لك صاحبك هذي شهاده
انـك انته م البـدايـه له عضيده
تنَّكر .. و انت ادرى من أكون
و تدري عزّتي عزّه عليه
تنكّر .. لك ألاعيب و فنون
و خذ ما قال اهل الجاهليه
مصيبه دامها العشره تهون
لو هي ايام معدوده فايديه
جدانا كنت يا الغالي حنون
و نفسي دايماً لأجلك رضيه
احطك من غلاتك ف العيون
و روحي لك اقدمها هديه
و لو فيها مشاعريه جنون
و خذني فيك حس الشاعريه
و انا ادري ما لك فحبي شؤون
بيبقى لك منازيلٍ عِلِيَّه
تنكّر .. و ليكون اللي يكون
ودوني خذ من الناس و تفيّه
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